इम्यूनोफ्लोरेसेंस विश्लेषण के लिए, HEK-293 कोशिकाओं को SARS CoV2 से एक वेक्टर एन्कोडिंग पूर्ण लंबाई स्पाइक प्रोटीन के साथ ट्रांसफ़ेक्ट किया गया था। 5 माइक्रोग्राम/एमएल की सांद्रता पर एंटी-एसएआरएस सीओवी2 स्पाइक प्रोटीन आरबीडी रिकॉम्बिनेंट रैबिट चिमेरा मोनोक्लोनल एंटीबॉडी (उत्पाद # 703959) का उपयोग करके स्पाइक प्रोटीन का पता लगाने के लिए कोशिकाओं को स्थिर और पारगम्य बनाया गया था और बकरी विरोधी खरगोश आईजीजी (एच + एल) के साथ अत्यधिक लेबल किया गया था। क्रॉस-एडोर्बेड सेकेंडरी एंटीबॉडी, एलेक्सा फ्लोर प्लस ४८८ (उत्पाद # ए३२७३१) १ माइक्रोग्राम/एमएल की सांद्रता पर।
पैनल ए) प्रतिनिधि कोशिकाओं को दिखाता है जो स्पाइक प्रोटीन (हरा) का पता लगाने और स्थानीयकरण के लिए दागे गए थे। पैनल बी) डीएपीआई (उत्पाद # पी३६९६२) के साथ प्रोलॉन्ग™ डायमंड एंटिफेड माउंटेंट का उपयोग करके नाभिक (नीला) के लिए दाग दिया गया है। पैनल सी) 1:300 कमजोर पड़ने पर रोडामाइन फालोइडिन (उत्पाद # R415) का उपयोग करके साइटोस्केलेटल एफ-एक्टिन धुंधला का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। पैनल d) SARS CoV2 स्पाइक प्रोटीन के झिल्ली स्थानीयकरण को प्रदर्शित करने वाले पैनल a, b और c की एक समग्र छवि है। पैनल एह) असंक्रमित नियंत्रण कोशिकाओं का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। छवियों को 60X आवर्धन पर कैप्चर किया गया था।
अपने पर्यावरण को सुरक्षित कैसे बनाएं
3सी से बचें: ऐसे स्थान जो बंद हैं, भीड़भाड़ वाले हैं या निकट संपर्क में हैं।
रेस्तरां, गाना बजानेवालों की प्रथाओं, फिटनेस कक्षाओं, नाइट क्लबों, कार्यालयों और पूजा स्थलों में प्रकोप की सूचना मिली है, जहां लोग इकट्ठा होते हैं, अक्सर भीड़-भाड़ वाली इनडोर सेटिंग्स में जहां वे जोर से बात करते हैं, चिल्लाते हैं, जोर से सांस लेते हैं या गाते हैं।
भीड़-भाड़ वाले और अपर्याप्त हवादार स्थानों में कोविड-19 होने का जोखिम अधिक होता है, जहां संक्रमित लोग एक साथ लंबे समय तक निकटता में रहते हैं। ये ऐसे वातावरण हैं जहां वायरस श्वसन की बूंदों या एरोसोल द्वारा अधिक कुशलता से फैलता प्रतीत होता है, इसलिए सावधानी बरतना और भी महत्वपूर्ण है।
बाहर के लोगों से मिलें। बाहरी सभाएं घर के अंदर की सभाओं की तुलना में अधिक सुरक्षित होती हैं, खासकर अगर घर के अंदर की जगह छोटी हो और बाहरी हवा अंदर नहीं आती हो।
पारिवारिक समारोहों, बच्चों के फ़ुटबॉल खेलों और पारिवारिक अवसरों जैसे आयोजनों के बारे में अधिक जानकारी के लिए, छोटे सार्वजनिक समारोहों पर हमारे प्रश्नोत्तर पढ़ें ।
भीड़भाड़ या घर के अंदर की सेटिंग से बचें, लेकिन अगर आप ऐसा नहीं कर सकते हैं, तो सावधानी बरतें:
एक खिड़की खोलो। घर के अंदर ‘प्राकृतिक वेंटिलेशन’ की मात्रा बढ़ाएं ।
डब्ल्यूएचओ ने आम जनता और सार्वजनिक स्थानों और इमारतों का प्रबंधन करने वाले लोगों दोनों के लिए वेंटिलेशन और एयर कंडीशनिंग पर प्रश्नोत्तर प्रकाशित किया है ।
मास्क पहनें (अधिक विवरण के लिए ऊपर देखें)।
अच्छी स्वच्छता की मूल बातें न भूलें
अपने हाथों को अल्कोहल-आधारित हैंड रब से नियमित रूप से और अच्छी तरह से साफ करें या उन्हें साबुन और पानी से धोएं। यह आपके हाथों पर हो सकने वाले वायरस सहित कीटाणुओं को समाप्त करता है।
अपनी आंख, नाक और मुंह को छूने से बचें। हाथ कई सतहों को छूते हैं और वायरस उठा सकते हैं। एक बार दूषित होने के बाद, हाथ वायरस को आपकी आंखों, नाक या मुंह में स्थानांतरित कर सकते हैं। वहां से, वायरस आपके शरीर में प्रवेश कर सकता है और आपको संक्रमित कर सकता है।
खांसते या छींकते समय अपने मुंह और नाक को अपनी मुड़ी हुई कोहनी या टिश्यू से ढक लें । फिर इस्तेमाल किए गए टिश्यू को तुरंत एक बंद डिब्बे में फेंक दें और अपने हाथ धो लें। अच्छी ‘श्वसन स्वच्छता’ का पालन करके, आप अपने आस-पास के लोगों को वायरस से बचाते हैं, जो सर्दी, फ्लू और COVID-19 का कारण बनते हैं ।
सतहों को बार-बार साफ और कीटाणुरहित करें, विशेष रूप से जिन्हें नियमित रूप से छुआ जाता है, जैसे कि दरवाज़े के हैंडल, नल और फोन स्क्रीन।
गंभीर एक्यूट रेस्पिरेटरी सिंड्रोम कोरोनावायरस 2 (SARS-CoV-2) के उद्भव, जो कोरोनावायरस रोग 2019 (COVID-19) के लिए जिम्मेदार रोगज़नक़ है, ने दुनिया भर में सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं और अर्थव्यवस्थाओं को तबाह कर दिया है। COVID-19 महामारी को रोकने के वैश्विक प्रयासों के बावजूद, SARS-CoV-2 अब 200 से अधिक देशों में पाया जाता है और नवंबर 2020 तक 1 मिलियन से अधिक मानव जीवन की मृत्यु का कारण बना है। आज तक, केवल एक खाद्य एवं औषधि प्रशासन ( FDA) -अनुमोदित चिकित्सीय दवा (रेमेडिसविर) और एक मोनोक्लोनल एंटीबॉडी (MAb), बामलानिविमैब, SARS-CoV-2 के उपचार के लिए उपलब्ध हैं। अन्य वायरसों की तरह, SARS-CoV-2 का अध्ययन करने के लिए संक्रमित कोशिकाओं में वायरस की उपस्थिति का पता लगाने के लिए द्वितीयक तरीकों के उपयोग की आवश्यकता होती है। इस सीमा को पार करने के लिए, हमने प्रतिकृति-सक्षम पुनः संयोजक SARS-CoV-2 (rSARS-CoV-2) का निर्माण किया है जो फ्लोरोसेंट (वीनस या mCherry) या बायोल्यूमिनसेंट (Nluc) रिपोर्टर जीन को व्यक्त करता है। रिपोर्टर-व्यक्त rSARS-CoV-2 से संक्रमित Vero E6 कोशिकाओं को प्रतिदीप्ति या लूसिफ़ेरेज़ अभिव्यक्ति के माध्यम से आसानी से पता लगाया जा सकता है और रिपोर्टर जीन अभिव्यक्ति और वायरल प्रतिकृति के बीच एक अच्छा संबंध प्रदर्शित करता है।
इसके अलावा, rSARS-CoV-2 व्यक्त करने वाले रिपोर्टर जीन में प्लाक आकार और वृद्धि कैनेटीक्स होते हैं जो जंगली-प्रकार के वायरस, rSARS-CoV-2 / WT की तुलना में होते हैं। हमने इन रिपोर्टर-व्यक्त करने वाले rSARS-CoV-2 निर्माणों का उपयोग तटस्थ एंटीबॉडी (NAbs) या एंटीवायरल दवाओं की पहचान करने के लिए उनकी व्यवहार्यता प्रदर्शित करने के लिए किया। हमारे परिणाम प्रदर्शित करते हैं कि रिपोर्टर-व्यक्त rSARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 के उपचार के लिए चिकित्सा विज्ञान की पहचान करने के लिए एक उत्कृष्ट विकल्प का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है, जहां रिपोर्टर जीन अभिव्यक्ति का उपयोग वायरल संक्रमण को ट्रैक करने के लिए एक वैध सरोगेट के रूप में किया जा सकता है। इसके अलावा, वायरल जीनोम में हेरफेर करने की क्षमता SARS-CoV-2 संक्रमण के उपचार के लिए टीके के रूप में उनके उपयोग के लिए विदेशी जीन को व्यक्त करने वाले वायरस उत्पन्न करने की व्यवहार्यता को खोलती है।
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DPP4, CEACAM etc.. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusion required for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.
Description: Membrane glycoprotein is involved in the formation and budding of the viral envelope, that is, in the assembly and release of the virus, inhibiting IFN attack.